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Pope Leo XIV urged Russia and Ukraine to find the “courage” to hold direct talks and spoke of the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza in his first Christmas message. 

The Pope also condemned the “senselessness” of war and the “rubble and open wounds” it leaves behind. 

Speaking to a crowd of some 26,000 people in St Peter’s Square, the Pope called for “solidarity with and acceptance of those in need” in Europe – a possible reference to growing anti-immigration sentiment on the continent. 

“Let us pray in a particular way for the tormented people of Ukraine,” he said. 

“May the parties involved, with the support and commitment of the international community, find the courage to engage in sincere, direct and respectful dialogue.” 

Russian and Ukrainian officials have spoken separately in recent weeks to US negotiators about proposals to end the war started by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. 

Tens of thousands have been killed, eastern Ukraine decimated and millions forced to flee their homes. 

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy this week outlined key points of a plan to end the conflict after US talks. 

But Russian President Vladimir Putin has so far shown no willingness to compromise, doubling down on his hardline demands. 

‘Return of life’ 

In his first Christmas homily as pontiff, Leo addressed the dismal conditions in Gaza, where hundreds of thousands of people are still living in temporary shelters in wintry conditions weeks after a fragile ceasefire took hold. 

Local residents take shelter at the Saint Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery during an air strike alarm as they attend a Christmas procession in Kyiv on December 25, 2025, amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Photo / Roman Pilipey, AFP 

“How ... can we not think of the tents in Gaza, exposed for weeks to rain, wind and cold,” the Pope said, adding that the territory’s inhabitants “have nothing left and have lost everything”. 

The UN has said an estimated 1.3 million people currently need shelter assistance in Gaza and has warned of the increasing risk of hypothermia as temperatures dip. 

“The war, in all its forms, has been harsh on everyone living on this land,” Elias al-Jalda, a Palestinian Christian from Gaza, told AFP after attending a Christmas mass at Gaza’s only Roman Catholic Church. 

“We hope this year will mark the beginning of a new phase – one defined by a complete end to the war and the return of life to Gaza,” said Jalda, one of dozens attending the mass. 

‘Compassion and reconciliation’ 

Sarah Mullally, who becomes head of the Church of England next month, addressed the issue of immigration directly in her Christmas sermon on Thursday. 

“Our national conversations about immigration continue to divide us, when our common humanity should unite us,” said the future Archbishop of Canterbury. 

“We who are Christians then hold fast to joy as an act of resistance.” 

King Charles called for “compassion and reconciliation” at a time of “division” across the world in his annual Christmas Day message broadcast. 

“With the great diversity of our communities, we can find the strength to ensure that right triumphs over wrong,” he said. 

“It seems to me that we need to cherish the values of compassion and reconciliation the way our Lord lived and died.” 

As well as being King of the United Kingdom, Charles is head of the 56 countries that make up the Commonwealth. 

Joy in Bethlehem 

In Bethlehem, the Christian community celebrated its first festive Christmas in more than two years as the occupied West Bank city emerges from the shadow of the war in Gaza. 

Palestinians take a photo in the Nativity Square with pilgrims and people before midnight mass at the Nativity Church in Bethlehem, in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, on December 24, 2025. Photo / Hazem Bader, AFP 

Hundreds of worshippers gathered for mass on Wednesday night at the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, the biblical birthplace of Jesus Christ. 

In Syria, Christmas lights illuminated Damascus’ Old City despite the Christian community’s fears of violence after a deadly attack in June. 

Around the district, home to several important churches, red baubles hung from trees, shopkeepers put up Christmas decorations and street vendors peddled warm chestnuts. 

“Syria deserves joy and for us to be happy, and to hope for a new future,” said student Loris Aasaf, 20. 

In the United States, President Donald Trump issued a starkly different message to those of religious leaders. 

He wished a Merry Christmas “to everyone, including the radical left-wing scum”, referring to Democrats. 

In Australia, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese had a sombre message after the deadly attack during a Hanukkah celebration at Bondi Beach on December 14. 

“After the terror inflicted on Jewish Australia celebrating Hanukkah and Bondi Beach, we feel the weight of sorrow in our hearts,” he said. 

-Agence France-Presse